York PhD student featured in Toronto multimedia exhibit

Alexandra Gelis, an award-winning artist and Environmental Studies PhD student at York University is featured in ArtworxTO: Toronto’s Year of Public Art 2021-2022

“‘With’ and ‘living’ are two words in Greek that define symbiosis,” says Gelis. “It describes an ecological relationship between two organisms from different species – sometimes, but not always, beneficial to both parties.”

Alexandra Gelis holds one of the plants on display in the exhibition. She stands against a green background.
Alexandra Gelis holds part of the With – Living: Migrant Relations installation

The installation exhibits plants, soil, bacteria and stories of migration in a constant biological, political and reciprocal relationship. It encompasses immersive sculptural spaces, using video projections and intricate sound designs reflective of the natural sounds and environment plants originate from. It also explores the traditional hair braid designs where enslaved African women in the 17th century hid their seeds used to help map their escape routes to San Basilio de Palenque.

Through the stories of communities who mapped escape routes to freedom, this exhibit shows the resilience of people, communities and how hair is important across many different cultures,” notes Gelis. “It explores how we change with plants through correlations and co-belonging.”

Offering a sensory experience for visitors, guests are invited to smell, water and touch the plants featured in the exhibit which includes sacred plants such as tobacco, coca and corn from South America as well as edible plants such as taro, cassava and oregano. These plants have been donated to Gelis by relatives and supporters of the project, contributing to the stories of immigrants who have travelled to Canada with plants and seeds that tell their family’s journey, traditions and history of their native country. 

The image shows a series of plant arranged in displays highlighted by single lamps
With – Living: Migrant Relations installation is on display until Sunday, May 29

An old, functioning water pump is featured in the exhibit, revealing the internal chemistry of plants that have been exposed to photographic emulsion and direct sunlight for many hours. This process is called phytography and offers a unique view of plants molecular and chemical exchange. The project invites visitors to interact with the hand pump and to play with the pace of the film. The installation also features a chair where visitors can sit, write and draw their experiential stories with plants, as well as feel the vibration of the soundscapes in their body. 

From this plant-based research-creation, Gelis explores and re-creates ecologies that take shape between plants and people, and between plants and their multi-species symbio-politics interrelationships.

“Through elements like soil and air as well as through plants and animals, there is another voice which can provide a new way to write history. Plants help us to resist, to have better health with medicinal plants such as those given to us by our grandmothers. If we take care of plants, soil and water, we take care of us.”

With – Living: Migrant Relations, represents the semiotically layered resistant and fluid knowledge implied in migration, as well as the implementation of medicinal plants to nourish and heal the body, the land, the spirit, the non-living, the non-human elements in solidarity with different ways of being. The work aims to re-narrate plants as protagonists that shape human history. 

“In a similar way that we move as migrants, a plant also migrates…they move by wind, water, birds, but also in our hands. The exhibition has many levels, one being talking about history and recreating history through the voices of plants, animals, soil and the air,” says Gelis.

Gelis has shown work through many multimedia events and festivals across the world including Ethiopia and Colombia and has worked with Latin American American, Indigenous, transexual and at-risk youth communities across multiple cultural projects. This is the first time her work is being displayed in a mall, a non-traditional art setting. Gelis welcomes visitors to connect to their own memories with plants and soil and explore the deeper meaning of their origin, what they represent and how they shaped the journey of migrants by contributing with their writing and drawings in a book that is part of the installation. These reflections along with the installation itself will be incorporated into Gelis’ last project as part of her PhD. 

Gelis with her co-collaborators
Earth to Tables Legacies group

“Alexandra [Gelis] draws upon her own experiences as an immigrant as well as the curiosity of a scientist, the observational skills of a plant lover, the aesthetic sensibility of a visual artist, the ingenuity of a tech geek, the listening skills of a gatherer of stories,” says Gelis’ PhD supervisor and professor emerita at the Faculty of Environment and Urban Change Deborah Barndt. 

Gelis and Barndt are also working as co-directors for the Earth to Tables Legacies project alongside Lauren Baker, an alumna of York’s Environmental Studies graduate program. 

“Since 2015, we have brought together a small group of food sovereignty activists across big differences – youth and elders, Indigenous and settler, rural and urban, Mexican and Canadian. The exchange of knowledges and practices has culminated in a multimedia website… we are in the final stages of production of an accompanying book, Earth to Tables Legacies: Multimedia Food Conversations Across Generations and Culture, which will be launched in the fall,” adds Barndt. 

Learn more about the free public art exhibit.

York University’s Organized Research Units come together to fight against climate change

image shows a forest and stream

This March, York University celebrates the first-ever Climate Change Research Month with more than a dozen events, films and panels aimed at generating awareness of climate change research and mobilizing the University community to take action.

The events are hosted by York’s Organized Research Units (ORUs), which are synergistic hubs that stimulate interdisciplinary and collaborative research around a range of topics including feminist research, Indigenous knowledge and languages, refugee studies, space and science and more.

Each of the events demonstrate how climate change impacts every facet of life – including child development, mental health, faith, employment, equity and the economy. The events are open to the public. To learn more, click here.

“Climate change has consequences for every aspect of life and York University researchers are at the forefront of disciplinary and interdisciplinary investigations into what climate change means today and how to create a more sustainable future,” says Elaine Coburn, director of the Centre for Feminist Research and associate professor, International Studies at York University’s bilingual Glendon Campus.  

“By collaborating, the ORUs, including the York Centre for Asian Research, aim to bring together York University researchers with scholars and artists from across Canada and the world to showcase innovative research solutions, while generating awareness of and mobilizing action for climate change,” adds Abidin Kusno, director of the York Centre for Asian Research and professor in the Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change. 

In June 2020, York launched its University Academic Plan 2020-2025, which included a pan-University challenge to elevate York’s contributions to the United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

“Taking action against climate change is one of the United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and arguably the major crisis of our times,” says Yvonne Su, assistant professor in the Department of Equity Studies. “Our aim is to mobilize the community to recognize their individual and collective responsibility to mitigate and adapt to the climate crisis.”

Initiated and coordinated by the Centre for Feminist Research, Climate Change Research Month at York University involves the Centre for Indigenous Knowledges and Languages, the Centre for Refugee Studies, the Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean, the City Institute at York University, the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, the Global Labour Research Centre, the Institute for Research on Digital Literacies, the Israel and Golda Koschitzky Centre for Jewish Studies, the LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, the Risk and Insurance Studies Centre, Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies, the Sensorium: Centre for Digital Arts and Technology, the York Centre for Asian Research, and the York University Centre for Aging Research and Education.

For more information and to learn about how to join an ORU, visit https://www.yorku.ca/research/organized-research-units/.

Lassonde Innovation Fund promotes innovative research through internal funding

Bergeron Centre for Engineering FEATURED image for new YFile format

Researchers at the Lassonde School of Engineering are taking risks and investigating novel technologies with the help of the Lassonde Innovation Fund (LIF). More than 20 interdisciplinary projects have received over $630,000 in support from LIF. The call for applications for the 2022 phase of LIF is now open.

From making masonry bricks out of treated municipal and livestock waste by-products, to bolstering star-tracking algorithms with artificial intelligence (AI) to prevent satellite collisions, Lassonde researchers are producing disruptive technology and trailblazing new frontiers.

The Lassonde Innovation Fund is a Research Boost Initiative which, over the last four years, has supported more than 20 research projects through an investment of over $630,000. The fund is designed for new and experimental projects, led by interdisciplinary teams, and focused on research aimed at addressing many of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs).

Approximately 40 per cent of the LIF-funded projects were interdisciplinary, crossing departmental and Faculty boundaries, 33 per cent were led by female researchers and more than 50 per cent addressed a UN SDG.  

John Moores Lassonde York U
John Moores

“The impact of the research that has come from LIF has been tremendous on both the training and innovation front,” says Professor John Moores, associate dean of research and graduate studies at Lassonde.

Since its launch, the seed funding has enhanced the training of graduate and undergraduate students and generated more than 30 high-impact publications and 11 new external funding applications.

The 2022 LIF Call for Applications is now open.

Here are summaries of some of the current LIF projects underway at the Lassonde School of Engineering:

Sustainable Reuse of Sludge in Bio-Brick Production Voula Pantazopoulou and Ahmed Eldyasti

Behind every challenge there is an opportunity, or, in the case of two Lassonde Professors, Voula (S.J.) Pantazopoulou and Ahmed Eldyasti (Civil Engineering), the opportunity was hidden behind two challenges in two distinct industries – construction and disposal of treated wastes. In construction, the production of building materials, such as masonry bricks, is highly energy-intensive, environmentally unfriendly and contributes to more than half of the carbon dioxide footprint of a building. It is also a high consumer of natural resources (e.g. quarries of shale deposits). In municipal and livestock waste management, disposal of treated sludge by-products resulting from extraction processes also leads to great financial and environmental burdens.

A team led by Pantazopoulou identified that the treated sludge by-product possesses high polymer content and has the potential to be used as a source component in the production of fired brick, which solves two problems at once. In their LIF project, Pantazopolou and Eldyasti developed technologies to integrate the sludge waste as a partial clay replacement in construction products. They published results showing that the resulting “bio-bricks” met the quality control criteria set by the masonry industry. By reducing environmental impact from clay quarries and simultaneously facilitating the disposal of waste, this work contributes to SDG 11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities.

Integrated structural health monitoring of carbon fiber composites – Gerd Grau and Garrett Melenk

Due to their high strength and light weight, carbon fiber composites are a promising class of structural materials that are seeing increased use in applications ranging from bicycle frames to bridges. More recently, the development of braided carbon fiber bundles encased in a resin matrix offers a way to manufacture freeform shapes. However, this development introduces a major concern for structural health monitoring (SHM) as these complex structures are difficult to monitor with discrete sensors.

To tackle this SHM challenge, Lassonde Professors Gerd Grau (Electrical Engineering and Computer Science) and Garrett Melenka (Mechanical Engineering) are incorporating electrical-conducting or light-emitting functionality into the carbon fiber composite. They have shown that embedding printed electronics enables damage location sensing, and embedding electroluminescent films facilitates damage visualization by lighting up structurally weak segments. This LIF project brought together Melenka’s expertise in braided composites and Grau’s expertise in printed electronics, leading to three journal articles and three conference papers, even applying this technology as an integrated heater to de-ice the wings of drones. They are now seeking further funding to continue this interdisciplinary, transformative research.

Resident Space Object (RSO) identification using artificial intelligence – Regina Lee

Since the days of Sputnik 1, there has been an ever-increasing deployment of Earth-orbit satellites for scientific, commercial, communications and navigation use. These resident space objects (RSOs), which also include man-made debris, number in the millions and pose significant collision risks for spacecraft and satellites. Current methods to track RSOs rely on a large-scale, and expensive monitoring network. However, Professor Regina Lee, (Earth and Space Science and Engineering), is combining space-based surveillance technologies found in low-cost commercial grade satellites with AI as a novel approach to RSO identification and tracking. Satellites already contain the hardware to track stars to orient themselves in space. Lee is using the same technology to instead identify RSOs and improving upon it with AI.

Lee and her team are working with Defence Research and Development Canada to develop and demonstrate their tracking system. The success of this LIF project has led to six publications and additional funding with the Canadian Space Agency and Department of National Defence.

Photo-Thermal Optical Coherence Tomography for Risk Assessment of Atherosclerosis – Nima Tabatabaei

In atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, lesions develop on the arterial wall from the buildup of lipids, collagen and other material known as plaque. These growing lesions can potentially rupture and cause coronary thrombosis (a clot) which can be fatal. Early identification of lesions at greatest risk of rupturing is of utmost importance in interventional cardiology. While intravascular imaging techniques such as Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) can already visualize the plaque’s structure at high resolution, they are unable to determine chemical composition. This is crucial to ascertaining atherosclerosis risk because the chemical composition, specifically the lipid content, of plaques is highly correlated with the risk of rupture.

Professor Nima Tabatabaei (Mechanical Engineering) is exploring the application of a photo-thermal extension to OCT (PT-OCT) to capture high-resolution structural images of tissue co-registered with lipid composition information, as well as innovations for significantly enhancing the imaging speed of PT-OCT. The innovation is based on the phenomena that different molecules absorb light and generate heat (e.g. thermal energy) in differing amounts. The measured thermal energy serves as a chemical signature to discern lipids from other plaque material and is sensed interferometrically via the conventional OCT method. This LIF project has led to four publications and received additional funding from the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences.

Osgoode students experience law in action at Environmental and Social Justice Clinic

environmental justice

The clinic gives law students exposure to a wide variety of environmental justice activities that challenge the unequal distribution of environmental burdens and benefits in society. Students gain real-world insights into what how the law can advance sustainability.

By Elaine Smith

Isabel McMurray
Isabel McMurray

After being immersed in environmental policy and data management with the federal government for five years, Isabel McMurray decided that the law offered her the best opportunity to have an impact in the field and applied to Osgoode Hall Law School.

“While working for the federal government, I saw a request from the Osgoode Environmental Justice and Sustainability (EJS) Clinic for the government to conduct a regional assessment for the Ring of Fire [a mineral-rich area in Ontario] that would assemble baseline data and examine treaty rights,” McMurray says. “When the request came in, it was heartening. It made it clear that my professional interest intersected with what the law can do.”

It also sharpened McMurray’s interest in Osgoode Hall Law School. “I saw Osgoode actually doing environmental law,” adds McMurray.

Now a second-year law student, McMurray is deepening her knowledge of environmental law with a placement opportunity made possible by the same EJS Clinic that initially caught her attention, one of the many experiential education opportunities offered by Osgoode. After being selected for the clinic through a competitive process, McMurray is doing a placement, spending 15 to 20 hours weekly throughout the school year working for Olthuis, Kleer, Townshend, a Toronto law firm that specializes in Indigenous legal issues, where she is supporting a hearing.

“There’s lots of research, writing and spreadsheets, as well as thinking through large arguments and seeing how the minutiae of smaller arguments build momentum toward these bigger questions,” says McMurray. “Environmental law came about in the 1970s to regulate pollution and then turned to regulating mineral extraction, but it can also be applied outside these boundaries to wider issues.”

In fact, the ESJ team defines environmental justice as mobilizing environmental, civil rights, anti-racist, anti-poverty, Indigenous rights and feminist agendas to challenge the unequal distribution of environmental burdens and benefits in society. By contrast, sustainability involves the simultaneous pursuit of ecological integrity, social equity and economic prosperity within the biophysical constraints of local and planetary ecosystems. The clinic’s mandate encompasses a broad range of subject matter, including biodiversity, energy, water, food, climate change, pollution, resource extraction and land use planning.

Dayna Nadine Scott
Dayna Scott

Osgoode Associate Professor Dayna Scott, who is also in the Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change, one of the clinic’s co-directors and the York Research Chair in Environmental Law & Justice in the Green Economy, believes it’s important “to have a place for students interested in environmental justice and sustainability to get experience across theory and practice. It allows them to make connections in the field and to test out environmental law in practice.”

Her colleague and co-director, Osgoode Associate Professor Estair Van Wagner, says the clinic “complements an academic understanding of environmental work by being out in the field. There is a small pool of organizations that do this type of work and they identify an issue where they can use a student’s help. The student becomes part of their legal team, whether that means working on law reform, litigation or environmental assessment.”

In addition to their placements, the EJS students attend a weekly seminar with the directors where they discuss broader legal ideas. They also work on group projects with community partners. One of the projects this year is a follow-up to the letter the clinic wrote to the Impact Assessment Agency of Canada, the same letter that drew McMurray to the program. The group is looking at what the impact of mining will be in a region where there is none to date; if it is undertaken, what supporting infrastructure, such as roads, will be needed and what would their environmental impact be.

“These projects evolve,” said Van Wagner. “The students learn that in practice, they must respond to the needs of the community, so they must change and adapt. There are frustrations, but it is a good experience. They see that their work must support the priorities of these community organizations; it’s an introduction to community-centred lawyering.”

Estair Van Wagner
Estair Van Wagner

The directors also have other goals for the students in their clinical program.

“We want them to think quite broadly about what environmental sustainability means; how our relationships with land intersect with issues of social and racial justice,” says Van Wagner. “It should expand their notion of the environment and how organizations might work together in the future.”

Scott said she would like the students to leave the program “understanding that they have some power and influence on what environmental law is and how it will be drafted in the future. They can make the law what they need and want it to be for their children’s future.”

The clinic also assists students in preparing for their legal careers.

“Many of the students make valuable connections,” adds Scott. “They gain skills and knowledge that will serve them well in the interview process later and they also get a better understanding of the type of work they want to do after graduation.”

Clinical placements also make the field stronger.

“They are doing actual good work that needs to get done, and some community organizations don’t have the resources to hire someone to do it,” says Scott. “They are making an important contribution.”

Adds Van Wagner, “We can see them making contributions in a way that is satisfying and they are supporting work we want to do ourselves.”

For McMurray, the clinical experience has been invaluable.

“It has shown me that I’m on the right path,” she says. “I learn in classes, but I also learn by doing. It’s cool to see what environmental law looks like in practice and all the different things it can mean.”

Calling on all York faculty and instructors, join the SDG Teach In

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Faculty and instructors across York University are finding innovative ways to bring the United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into their courses. Between Monday, Feb. 21 and Friday, March 4, they will have an opportunity to showcase this work during the fourth annual SDG Teach In.

A key part of the University Academic Plan 2020-2025, the SDGs focus on a call for action and recognize that ending poverty and hunger must go together with strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth – all while tackling climate change and working to preserve the oceans and forests.

Graphic shows the 17 UN SDGs
The United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals

The SDG Teach In is an annual campaign delivered by Students for Sustainability (SOS-UK), an organization based in the United Kingdom. The international campaign calls on educators across all disciplines and levels of education to pledge to include the SDGs in their teaching and learning throughout the two-week period through case studies, debate, discussion, group work or simulations relating to topics included within the goals. The 2021 campaign saw nearly 500 educators from around the world reach 50,000 students through teaching and discussion around the SDGs.

To that end, the SDGs-in-the-Classroom Community of Practice and Provostial Fellow Cheryl van Daalen-Smith, associate professor, School of Nursing in the Faculty of Health, and associate professor, School of Gender, Sexuality and Women’s Studies/Children, Childhood & Youth Studies Program in the Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies, are calling on all educators at York University to pledge to incorporate the SDGs into their teaching, learning and assessment throughout the Teach In, and share the pledge with their colleagues.

To add some friendly competition, SOS-UK, will be releasing weekly updates with a leaderboard of institutions with the highest number of educators who have pledged to take part in the Teach In and the highest percentage of students involved.  

The Teach In aims to:

  • Raise awareness of the importance of sustainable development.
  • Catalyze curriculum reform and test new ideas.
  • Embed sustainability and social responsibility across all learning.
  • Prepare students with the knowledge, skills, and attributes to tackle the world’s greatest challenges.
  • Link teaching, learning, and assessment to local and global concerns.

Interested? Intrigued? Email York University Provostial Fellow Cheryl van Daalen-Smith to find out, or if you are ready, pledge here.

York University’s Inclusion Week will take place Feb. 28 to March 3

two people with their hands overlapping each other

Inclusion Week will focus on building and sustaining equitable and caring futures, and features keynote speakers, fireside panels and skill-building workshops.

La version française suit la version anglaise.

Dear York Community, 

Join York University’s Centre for Human Rights, Equity, & Inclusion from Feb. 28 to March 3, for Inclusion Week, a multi-event series featuring keynote speakers, fireside panels and interactive, skill-building workshops where we’ll explore sustainability in unique ways.  

Through Inclusion Week, participants will ask questions like: Who gets to rest in challenging times? How does global interdependence reflect great divides and even greater needs for cooperation? How can we better understand the principles, practice and politics of sustainability in the context of a global pandemic? 

For more information about the workshops, panellists and our keynote speaker, and to register, visit: https://rights.info.yorku.ca/inclusion-week-2022/.  

This event is free to York Community Members. 

Marian MacGregor 
Executive Director, Centre for Human Rights, Equity and Inclusion 


Semaine de l’inclusion à l’Université York du 28 février au 3 mars 2022 : soutenir et construire un avenir équitable et solidaire

Chers membres de la communauté de York, 

Joignez-vous au Centre des droits de la personne, de l’équité et de l’inclusion de l’Université York du 28 février au 3 mars 2022 pour la Semaine de l’inclusion, une série d’événements comprenant des conférences, des tables rondes et des ateliers interactifs axés sur le développement de compétences qui explorent la solidarité et la durabilité équitable de façons inédites.  

Au cours de la semaine de l’inclusion, les participants poseront des questions comme : Qui peut se reposer durant ces moments difficiles? Comment l’interdépendance mondiale reflète-t-elle de grandes divisions et génère-t-elle des besoins de coopération encore plus grands? Comment pouvons-nous mieux comprendre les principes, la pratique et la politique de la durabilité dans le contexte d’une pandémie mondiale? 

Pour plus d’informations sur les ateliers, sur les panélistes et sur le conférencier principal et pour vous inscrire, veuillez consulter la page : https://rights.info.yorku.ca/files/2022/02/Inclusion-week-FR-translation_REI-1.pdf?x26215  

Cet événement est gratuit pour les membres de la communauté de York. 

Marian MacGregor 
Directrice principale du Centre des droits de la personne, de l’équité et de l’inclusion 

Research shows companies have potential for more waste reduction

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New research from the Schulich School of Business shows that companies have a greater potential to reduce more environmental waste on the production side of the product life cycle than on the consumption side, which is the opposite of most current mainstream thinking on product sustainability.

Isik Bicer
Isik Bicer

The findings are contained in the paper “Why Do Companies Need Operational Flexibility to Reduce Waste at Source?” published in the journal Sustainability. The article was written by Isik Bicer, assistant professor of operations management and information systems at Schulich; R.W. Seifert, professor of operations management at Switzerland’s International Institute for Management Development; and Yara Kayyali-Elalem, a doctoral assistant at the College of Management of Technology at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne.

According to the researchers, operating strategies that rely on the localization of production are key tools when it comes to reducing waste and improving environmental sustainability at source.

“Usually, policymakers aim to develop sustainability policies to increase the product lifetime once customers start to use the products,” says Bicer. “However, the potential to reduce environmental waste at the production side is much bigger than the consumption side.”

According to the research, companies that localize production near their market bases are better able to reduce overproduction, which is a major cause of environmental waste.

“Companies should promote local sourcing to generate more accurate product demand forecasts and, by doing so, reduce supply-demand mismatches,” says Bicer.

As a result, companies have a much better likelihood of not only reducing the environmental impact of their sourcing practices, but also improving profits, he adds.

York University launches report on progress toward the UN Sustainable Development Goals

THE Banner for Sustainable YU

York University is marking the United Nations International Day of Education theme of “Changing Course” with the release of a dynamic new report and website documenting its progress toward the United Nations (UN) 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The UN Sustainable Development Goal Report is York University’s first annual progress report on the SDGs. Both the report and its accompanying website share stories of progress and facts about York University’s leadership, commitment and progress toward the 17 goals through inspirational stories, facts and figures, and forward-looking action.

“It is inspiring to see how our faculty, course directors, staff and students are taking action to embed the UN Sustainable Development Goals in their work as we further our commitment to contributing to positive change on a local and global level,” said Rhonda Lenton, president and vice-chancellor.

Graphic shows the 17 UN SDGs
The United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals

In 2020, York University formally declared its commitment to the SDGs, which align with its values, mission and core strengths. The University pledged to become an agent of positive change through global leadership and action on the goals and the converging challenges of a pandemic, rapidly accelerating climate change, racism and xenophobia, increasing global poverty and inequality. In June 2020, the University took a further step in its commitment to the goals when it launched its blueprint for action, Building a Better Future: York University Academic Plan 2020-2025, and issued a pan-University challenge to its community to collaborate and act.

The report and website offer an overview of a fraction of the many actions, innovations and research by faculty, staff and students at York University. Both have been created with view that each will continue to evolve as new actions and innovations emerge in the University’s journey toward contributing to the SDGs. Community members can share their work that relates to the SDGs through a story submission button on the website. As part of the launch of the report and the website, York University will be sharing stories the SDGs on social media at #YorkUSDGs.

First launched in 2015 and adopted by 193 member states of the UN, the 17 SDGs offer a framework for the global community to take concrete, measurable action in areas considered essential to mitigating humanity’s harmful impacts on the planet and to ensuring global peace and prosperity.

To learn more about York University’s demonstrated progress toward the UN SDGs, visit www.yorku.ca/unsdgs, or follow #YorkUSDGs.

Five ways to make the holiday season sustainable 

ornament on tree

This holiday season, the Office of Sustainability encourages York community members to make sustainable changes that contribute to the overall well-being of the planet. These tips also align with York’s contributions to the United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Here are five ways to maximize holiday cheer while reducing your environmental footprint:  

1. Unplug and conserve energy  

Switch your holiday lighting decorations from incandescent lights to LED lights. Use a timer to control when lights should be turned on or off and remember to unplug any electronics or appliances when they are not in use.  

Did you know: These energy efficient tips align with the University’s goals to foster a culture of sustainability on campus and in our communities. Saving energy will help to advance the UN SDG 13: Climate Action. As a leader in sustainability, the University is committed to reducing carbon emissions by 45 per cent by 2030 and being carbon neutral on or before 2049.  

2. Reuse, recycle to reduce waste   

Generate less waste by purchasing gifts that are long-lasting, reusable or recyclable. Consider gifting an experience instead of material goods or staying away from using single-use plastic for gift wrapping by switching to reusable containers, bags or recyclable paper.   

Did you know: York recognizes the negative impacts of single-use plastics and is committed to reusing and managing waste better through its ZeroWaste program, in line with UN SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production. Some elements of the ZeroWaste program include a Green Cleaning Initiative and tri-bins around campus. The University has also phased out the sale of single use plastic water bottles to help divert waste.   

3. Give back to community organizations   

Make a difference and support your community by donating or volunteering with an organization. Bring canned items or leftover holiday meals to local shelters or food banks. Or donate new or unused clothing by visiting one of several clothing donations bins on Keele Campus.   

Did you know: York alumni are 13.5 per cent more likely to have volunteered in the past 12 months than other university graduates in the GTA.  

4. Support local businesses 

Local businesses are the backbone of our economy. Shop close to home, purchase locally made and ethically sourced products, and prepare meals with groceries from a local farmers market.  

Did you know: York University supports a local approach and understands the role it can play in encouraging local prosperity, in line with UN SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities. The University has spent $2 million at local and diverse-owned businesses and social enterprises, which helps to reduce environmental impacts and build more resilient communities.   

5Reduce food waste   

It is important to be mindful of food waste during the holiday season by implementing simple changes to support a healthy environment. Instead of disposing of leftovers, try new recipes with food prepared from a previous meal or send guests home with food containers to enjoy the next day. The holiday season is also a perfect time to start meal preparations.   

Did you know: York University has an organic waste program that helps divert food waste? Kitchenettes are equipped with an organic waste container and there are multiple outdoor organic digesters on campus that allow community members to conveniently throw out organic waste. 

To learn more about the Office of Sustainability, visit here

Where did western honey bees come from? New research finds the sweet spot

Two honey bees on lavender plants

For decades, scientists have hotly debated the origin of the western honey bee. Now, new research led by York University discovered these popular honey-producing bees most likely originated in Asia.

From there, the western honey bee (Apis mellifera) expanded independently into Africa and Europe creating seven separate geographically and genetically distinct evolutionary lineages traceable back to Western Asia.

The western honey bee is used for crop pollination and honey production throughout most of the world, and has a remarkable capacity for surviving in vastly different environments – from tropical rainforest, to arid environments, to temperate regions with cold winters. It is native to Africa, Europe and Asia, and was recently believed to have originated in Africa.

The research team sequenced 251 genomes from 18 subspecies from the honey bee’s native range and used this data to reconstruct the origin and pattern of dispersal of honey bees. The team found that an Asian origin – likely western Asia – was strongly supported by the genetic data.

“As one of the world’s most important pollinators, it’s essential to know the origin of the western honey bee to understand its evolution, genetics and how it adapted as it spread,” says corresponding author Professor Amro Zayed of York University’s Faculty of Science.

The study also highlights that the bee genome has several “hot spots” that allowed honey bees to adapt to new geographic areas. While the bee genome has more than 12,000 genes, only 145 of them had repeated signatures of adaptation associated with the formation of all major honey bee lineages found today.

“Our research suggests that a core-set of genes allowed the honey bee to adapt to a diverse set of environmental conditions across its native range by regulating worker and colony behaviour,” says York University PhD student Kathleen Dogantzis of the Faculty of Science, who led the research.

To learn more, watch these videos: https://youtu.be/TIAapN_uG4A and https://youtu.be/4jiRCXe5r_c.

This adaptation also allowed for the development of some 27 different subspecies of honey bees.

“It’s important to understand how locally adapted subspecies and colony-level selection on worker bees, contributes to the fitness and diversity of managed colonies,” says Dogantzis.

The sequencing of these bees also led to the discovery of two distinct lineages, one in Egypt and another in Madagascar.

The researchers hope their study finally lays to the rest the question of where the western honey bee came from so future research can further explore how they adapted to different climates and geographic areas.

The paper, “Thrice out of Asia and the adaptive radiation of the western honey bee,” was published today in the journal Science Advances.