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Lassonde showcases cutting-edge research at 2020 undergrad research conference

York University’s Lassonde School of Engineering hosted the fifth annual Lassonde Undergraduate Summer Student Research Conference on Aug. 13, and despite the ongoing pandemic, the school was able to showcase the research of 57 undergraduate students taking part in summer research programs.

Lassonde Undergraduate Summer Student Research Conference virtual showcase of student research projects

For the first time, the annual research conference was delivered in an entirely virtual format. The conference was an immersive and interactive experience that included a virtual fair of research projects where guests could connect with student researchers in real time. The research projects ranged from the construction of 3D maps and models for urban traffic, online engineering education, artificial intelligence, microfluidic devices, and deep learning in space. The full conference program can be found here.

Caroline Floyd

Caroline Floyd (BSc ’01, Earth and Atmospheric Science) delivered a keynote presentation titled “Being ‘They’ in “They say it’s going to rain:” Thoughts from 20 Years in Weather” which provided an engaging overview of her career in weather as the lead forecaster for coverage at two Olympic games and producing hour-by-hour forecasts for every continent (excluding Antarctica – so far).

The virtual research conference also included remarks from:

  • Jane Goodyer, Lassonde dean
  • John Moores, associate dean, Research & Graduate Studies
  • Amir Asif, vice-president research & innovation
  • Brenden Schulz, executive director, Student Success
  • Gerald Audette, associate dean, Faculty of Science

The conference closed with a presentation on graduation studies from Professor and Graduate Program Director Usman Khan and the highly anticipated awards ceremony. The awards were presented by Goodyer and Moores.

The oral presentation winners, announced at the event, include:
  • Student’s’ Choice Oral Presentation Award: Melissa Spiegel
  • Second Place Oral Presentation Award: Jack Wawrow
  • First Place Oral Presentation Award: Aryan Nabidur Rashid
The video research presentation winners, announced at the event, include:
  • Third Place Students’ Choice Award (Morning Session): Chester Wyke
  • Second Place Students’ Choice Award (Morning Session): Daphne-Eleni Archonta
  • First Place Students’ Choice Award (Morning Session): Sara Kashanchi
  • Third Place Students’ Choice Award (Afternoon Session): Rashiq Shahad
  • Second Place Students’ Choice Award (Afternoon Session): Karen Abogadil
  • First Place Students’ Choice Award (Afternoon Session): Mohammad Sotoudehfar
  • Third Place Video Award: Julia Ferri
  • Second Place Video Award: Sara Hajari
  • First Place Video Award: Koko Nanahji
  • Best Booth Graphic Award: Daphne Archonta
More about undergraduate research at Lassonde

This year, Lassonde awarded 19 NSERC Undergraduate Student Research Awards (USRA) and 35 Lassonde Undergraduate Research Awards (LURA). Incoming students are from multiple programs at York University, but also Carleton University and Western University. Want to learn more about these programs? Check out the promo video here: http://www.lassondeundergraduateresearch.com/2020-summer-research-at-lassonde.

Students spent the summer working alongside professors and their teams to develop potential solutions, further knowledge and get hands-on experience in their respective fields. The professors have worked tirelessly to flip the program to a remote setting so as to provide the same value to our student participants, re-creating professional research environments online to give students the chance to hone their laboratory skills, solving problems associated with their project; and writing reports and disseminating their findings.

For more information on undergraduate research at Lassonde visit  http://www.lassondeundergraduateresearch.com.

COVID-19 pandemic prompts rescheduling of COP26

Professor Idil Boran on a COP25 panel_image by C Hoicka
Professor Idil Boran (second from the left) hosted a panel at COP25 panel. Image courtesy of Professor Christina Hoicka

Since March 2020, there has been much discussion about what the COVID-19 pandemic means for other global problems facing humankind, especially climate change. The Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has responded with a call for action for a climate-resilient recovery from COVID-19.

Professors Dawn Bazely (York University’s Designated Contact Point for the UNFCCC) and Idil Boran (annual Head of Delegation since 2012) have been closely monitoring the situation and will be keeping the York University community regularly informed via YFile.

COP Participants at the 25th conference of the parties
COP Participants at the 25th conference of the parties. Photo courtesy Photo credit: UNFCCC photo desk

The UNFCCC has rescheduled its key meetings. The 26th Annual Conference of the Parties (COP26) originally planned for November 2020 in Glasgow, Scotland, has been postponed until November 2021. Details are available here.

York University holds observer status as a member of the Research and Independent Non-Governmental Organizations (RINGO) constituency. Since 2009, when Bazely obtained Observer Status for York University, she has issued an annual call for expressions of interest from members of the York University community interested in attending the Conference of the Parties (COP) to form the annual delegation. This year’s call has been postponed until summer 2021.

Professor Idil Boran on a COP25 panel_image by C Hoicka
Professor Idil Boran (second from the left) hosted a panel at COP25. Image courtesy of Professor Christina Hoicka

By joining York University’s UNFCCC COP delegation, which changes in its composition annually, an attendee at the COP is granted access credentials. Although the number of credential spots have varied since 2009, they are limited, due to the demands from the growing number of accredited observer organizations. Consequently, not all students, faculty, staff and other members of the York community with an interest in attending a COP can be accommodated. Nevertheless, Bazely and Boran try their best to give as many people as possible a chance to experience the annual two-week COP, for the benefit of their research interests.

The York University protocol for participation in the delegation consists of five steps:

  1. Call for expressions of interest in joining the York delegation, published in YFile.
  2. Submission of an expression of interest outlining the applicant’s research plan.
  3. Selection based on the attendance quota [availability of spots] granted by the UNFCCC and relevance of COP attendance for the applicant’s research.
  4. Prior to attendance: participation by the applicant in training about best practices and UNFCCC code of conduct (mandatory for first-time attendees).
  5. After attendance: post-participation report and participation in the debrief to the York University community.

Updates on COP26 will be posted in future issues of YFile.

Professor Sergey Krylov receives title of Distinguished Research Professor

York University has selected Professor Sergey Krylov, from the Department of Chemistry in the Faculty of Science, to receive the title of Distinguished Research Professor.

The title is given to active members of the academy in recognition of their scholarly achievements in research, is awarded for life and evolves into a Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus on retirement.

Sergey Krylov

The major criterion for the honour is sustained and outstanding scholarly, professional or artistic achievement where a significant portion of the candidate’s work has been accomplished at York University. The award is inclusive of all full-time faculty in all disciplinary areas.

Krylov is the Research Chair in Bioanalytical Chemistry and a professor of chemistry at York University. The research in Krylov’s laboratory aims to create innovative and enabling technologies for biomedical and bioanalytical applications. This process includes the study of basic natural phenomena, development and validation of new methods, and creation of practical tools for use in clinical and industrial settings.

Key areas of our research include: biomolecular interactions; personalized cancer medicine; high-throughput drug screening; continuous-flow chemistry; and ultra-sensitive chemical analysis.

“Your nominators have highlighted your international leadership and sustained, globally recognized excellence in the field of analytical chemistry. In identifying and resolving technological obstacles in drug development and through the development of clinical biomarkers of cancer, your work has benefitted the health and well-being of communities nationally and internationally,” said York University President and Vice-Chancellor Rhonda Lenton in a letter to Krylov. “Your commitment to your research is evidenced by your strong publication record and numerous conference invitations. As a colleague, educator, and scholar, you have had a significant and positive impact on the University community.”

The experimental work in Krylov’s lab is performed on all levels of complexity, from in vitro and in silica studies, to tissue and cell-culture work, and in vivo animal models. The research team operates a state-of-the-art infrastructure, and has attained proficiency in a wide range of advanced techniques, including analytical separation methods (capillary electrophoresis and HPLC), mass spectrometry, high-content imaging, confocal microscopy, flow and chemical cytometry, and whole-body imaging. The laboratory hosts a prototype manufacturing facility, which enables researchers to implement their ideas into novel instrumentation. As well, the lab is a part of the Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions.

The title of Distinguished Research Professor has in the past been announced and celebrated during York’s convocation; however, a date is pending given the current COVID-19 circumstances.

Professor Robert Myers honoured with University Professorship

Professor Robert Myers, from the Department of Philosophy in the Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies, has been honoured with a University Professorship.

photo of Robert Myers
Professor Robert Myers

University Professor is a member of faculty recognized for extraordinary contributions to scholarship and teaching and participation in university life. The award is conferred upon long-serving tenured faculty members who have made extraordinary contributions to the University as colleagues, teachers and scholars.

Such achievement fulfills the following requirements: significant long-term contribution to the development or growth of the University or of its parts; significant participation in the collegium through mentorship, service and/or governance; sustained impact over time on the University’s teaching mission; and recognition as a scholar.

Myers’ teaching and research interests include theoretical ethics, related issues in epistemology and philosophy of action and political philosophy. He focused his early work on developing a theory that would reveal impartial beneficence, prerogatives and restrictions to be equally fundamental components of morality.

In more recent years, his research has been directed at working on metaethical questions concerning the possible objectivity of value, and especially on the question whether philosophers have been hindered in their thinking here by inadequate conceptions of what desires are.

He has been a faculty member at York University since 2001.

“Your nominators have highlighted your dedicated service and significant contributions to the mission of the University,” said York University President and Vice-Chancellor Rhonda Lenton. “Your interdisciplinary approach to philosophy has expanded collaboration and benefitted academic initiatives at our Osgoode Hall Law School, Schulich School of Business, Lassonde School of Engineering, and Faculty of Science.

“Your colleagues noted your commitment to advancing the Philosophy Department through curriculum, pedagogy, research and the growth of the full-time faculty component. As a colleague, teacher and scholar, you have had a significant and positive impact on the University community.”

Myers will be celebrated for earning this honorific title at a future convocation ceremony.

Millions die from obesity worldwide, says York study

A scale and a tape measure

Obesity is a significant factor in increasing rates of disease globally with the number of deaths related to a high body mass index (BMI) more than doubled from 1990 to 2017, say York University researchers.

In 2017 alone, 2.4 million women and 2.3 million men died worldwide from having a high BMI.

York University Distinguished Research Professor Jianhong Wu Faculty of Science. Photograph by Paola Scattolon
Professor Jianhong Wu. Image by Paola Scattolon

“Few studies have assessed this disease burden at a global level,” says Faculty of Science math modelling Professor Jianhong Wu, the paper’s corresponding author along with York Postdoctoral Fellow Nicola Bragazzi and visiting PhD student Haijiang Dai from Central South University, China.

In addition, the researchers found there were more than 70 million disability adjusted life-years (DALYs) for females and 77 million DALYs for males in 2017. Each DALY is equal to one year of good health lost because of disability or early death.

The age-standardized rate of DALYs for high BMIs increased by about 12 per cent for women and 26 per cent for men, whereas the global rate almost doubled for both sexes.

Cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of high BMI-related DALYs, followed by diabetes, kidney diseases and tumours. Together, they accounted for more than 89 per cent of all high BMI-related DALYs.

The researchers used the most recent data available (2017) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to assess the burden of disease attributable to a high body mass index in 195 countries and territories.

“The results suggest that high a BMI is still a major global health challenge and initiatives targeting high BMIs may mitigate the burden of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and kidney disease, and tumours,” says Wu.

However, as the disease burden varies widely by socio-demographics and countries, strategies need to be country-specific, say the researchers.

In the United States alone, the burden of disease by a high BMI has been estimated at $113.9 billion in direct healthcare costs.

“There is little attention given to behaviour risk factors, such as the psychological, behavioral and social determinants of health, during medical training,” says Bragazzi. “They are usually overlooked in favour of biological aspects of diseases. We hope this study will better inform prevention and intervention strategies for obesity.”

The study was published in the journal PLOS Medicine.

International students earn entrance awards at York University

Image announcing Awards

Eleven international students have been granted entrance scholarship awards at York University. The scholarships and awards are for applicants with an exceptional academic profile, and who demonstrate leadership through community service or excellence in the arts or sport.

The awards mark the beginning of an exciting academic journey for the future York University students. Emerging atop an excellent class of applicants from countries all over the world, student recipients can mark an important milestone as they continue progressing towards their goals in and out of the classroom.

The recipients are:

International Entrance Scholarship of Distinction

  • Musaddiq Ahmed – Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
  • Young Woo Keum – Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
  • Jordan Ssewakiryanga – Faculty of Science

Global Leader of Tomorrow Award for International Students

  • La-Shaun Boothe – Lassonde School of Engineering
  • Masoom Gaba – Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies

International Circle of Scholars

  • Dwayne Adamah – Schulich School of Business

International Academic Excellence Scholarship

  • Anees Ammar – Schulich School of Business
  • Michael Forbes – Faculty of Science
  • Abubaker Iqbal – Lassonde School of Engineering
  • Takehiro Koshihara – Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies
  • Krishnika Raveendranathan – Lassonde School of Engineering

The International Entrance Scholarship of Distinction is valued at $35,000 and renewable for an additional three years.

“York offers the perfect balance of top-notch academics, student clubs and associations. From the first time I discovered the school online, it felt that I too could find my niche here,” said Ahmad, who hails from Pakistan and is eager to begin his studies in the Business & Society program. “When it comes to my studies, I believe the program I selected is synonymous with freedom and progression. More generally, I was really drawn in by the LA&PS curriculum and its focus on an interdisciplinary approach towards education.”

Ahmed and Keum were two of only three students selected for the prestigious International Entrance Scholarship of Distinction – valued at $35,000 and renewable for an additional three years. Hailing from Pakistan and Thailand respectively, both students demonstrate hard work, passion and persistence in their pursuit to grow as individuals and contribute to changes that address major issues in the world around them.

Keum, who demonstrated impressive grades and academic achievements, as well as extracurricular work, referred to York in a similar manner and expressed excitement about working towards his degree in information technology. When asked about the opportunity to achieve his academic dreams with the support of this major scholarship, he described it as a great honour.

“Ever since I was young, I always wanted to pursue an education in Canada. Winning this scholarship is still surreal, and I’m extremely grateful for the opportunity,” he said. “I’m really looking forward to the experience at York. The large student population is something I was intimidated by before, but am embracing now. I can’t wait to connect with new people, take full advantage of student activities and enjoy living in the city of Toronto.”

Future Global Political Studies major Masoom Gaba echoed these sentiments when asked about how gratifying the recognition was. Coming from India, Gaba is the winner of the Global Leader of Tomorrow scholarship valued at $20,000 and eligible for continuation over the next three years. For years, she has been active in many charitable efforts – from mentoring underprivileged youth to taking the lead in causes to counter inequalities. Her chosen academic discipline will support her passion for positive outreach and impact on different communities, as she prepares for a career in social work.

“I’m so honoured to be a recipient of this award, and I’m very excited to be in a new country meeting new people, learning new skills and making wonderful memories,” Gaba said. “After graduation, my ultimate goal is to start up an NGO to make the world a better place, without limiting my services to a particular group of people. Majoring in global political studies at York will provide me with an excellent overview of international relations and politics.”

Adamah is the sole recipient of the International Circle of Scholars award, which is valued at $15,000 and is awarded for a student’s first year of study.

A recipient of the York University Academic Excellence Scholarship award – a first-year scholarship valued at $5,000 to $10,000 – Koshihara also possesses these impressive leadership qualities – never failing to produce superb work in the classroom, while simultaneously inspiring and assisting others. His award, valued at $10,000, will help to jump start the next phase of his education, as he enters his first year majoring in the Department of Social Science’s Business & Society program.

“For international students like myself, tuition fees can be challenging. Winning this scholarship has given me tremendous financial relief as I embark on this new journey,” Koshihara said. “Continuing my studies with LA&PS is very exciting. The faculty provides so many subjects, and the environment offers a diverse range of perspectives. It’s a great opportunity for me to grow as a person.”

NSERC awards grants totalling more than $9.1M to York researchers

research graphic

Professors at York University have been awarded more than $9.1 million in funding from the Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Discovery Grants Program and the Discovery Accelerator Supplement Awards.

The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grants Program supports ongoing programs of research with long-term goals rather than a single short-term project or collection of projects. These grants recognize the creativity and innovation that are at the heart of all research advances.

A total of 50 Discovery Grants were awarded in June, totalling $8,904,123. This amount includes the NSERC Research Tools and Instruments (RTI) program, which provides the primary avenue for university researchers in the natural sciences and engineering to obtain up to $150,000 in support for research tools and instruments.

Discovery Grants were awarded to: Robert Allison (Lassonde), Constadinos Armenakis (Lassonde), Mark Bayfield (Science), Ellen Bialystock (Health), Nassim Bozorgnia (Science), Satinder Brar (Lassonde), Jennifer Chen (Science), Arthur Cheng (Health), Taylor Cleworth (Health), Claire David (Science), Hany Farag (Lassonde), Marina Freire-Gormaly (Lassonde), Edward Furman (Science), Dasantila Golemi-Kotra (Science), Deborah Harris (Science), Laurence Harris (Centre for Vision Research), Jimmy Huang (Liberal Arts & Professional Studies), Jaclyn Hurley (Health), Cuiying Jian (Lassonde), Zhen Ming Jiang (Lassonde), Shooka Karimpour Ghannadi (Lassonde), Scott Kelly (Science), Peter Kohler (Health), Nikola Kovinich (Science), Anantharaman Kumarakrishnan (Science), Peter Lian (Lassonde), Neal Madras (Science), Ozzy Mermut (Science), Laurence Packer (Science), Jean-Paul Paluzzi (Science), Chun Peng (Science), Rebecca Pillai Riddell (Health), Simone Pisana (Lassonde), Pouya Rezai (Lassonde), Emilie Roudier (Health), Sapna Sharma (Science), Gunho Sohn (Lassonde), Neil Tandon (Lassonde), Sean Tulin (Science), Trevor VandenBoer (Science), Natalija Vlajic (Lassonde), Song Wang (Lassonde), Karl White (Science), Magdalena Wojtowicz (Health) and Amro Zayed (Science).

Recipients of the RTI awards are: Satinder Brar (Lassonde), Gerd Grau (Lassonde), David Hood (Health) and Sergey Krylov (Science).

For a full list of these grant recipients, their projects and their awards, visit this link.

In addition to these grants, the NSERC Discovery Accelerator Supplement Awards (DAS) were also announced, with $360,000 awarded to York research projects. These supplement awards aim to provide substantial additional resources to accelerate progress and maximize the impact of outstanding research programs and are valued at $120,000 over three years.

Recipients of the DAS grants are: Jennifer Chen (Science), Zehn Ming Jiang (Lassonde) and Amro Zayed (Science).

For a full list of these grant recipients and their projects, visit this link.

For more information on the NSERC Discovery Grants funding announcement, visit the media release here.

Explore the skies in virtual talk by Professor Paul Delaney

Paul Delaney

Do you enjoy hearing about the latest thought-provoking research? The Scholars’ Hub @ Home speaker series features discussions on a broad range of topics, with engaging lectures from some of York’s best minds, through the summer.

Paul Delaney
Paul Delaney

July 22 will feature an event titled “Exploring the summer skies: Astronomy and developments in space research at York” presented by Paul Delaney, a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and director of the Allan I. Carswell Astronomical Observatory at York University. The talk will take place online through Zoom at 12 p.m., and registration is required.

With the warmth of summer nights and clear skies, it is a wonderful time to explore the wonders of our galaxy and beyond. With or without optical aid, it is easy to fall in love with astronomy and to be fascinated by the chance to watch humanity’s next steps in the exploration of Mars. In this webinar and Q-and-A, Delaney will be describing exciting developments in space and what we can see overhead during the coming months at home.

The series will continue on Aug. 5 with a 12 p.m. webinar about food security and York’s Maloca Community Garden presented by Silvia Vasquez-Olguin, Faculty of Environmental Studies.

The Scholars’ Hub events are done in partnership with Vaughan Public Libraries, Markham Public Library and Aurora Public Library, and presented by York Alumni Engagement. Students, alumni and all members of the community are welcome to attend.

For more information, or to RSVP, visit https://yorku.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_stGCcbneQhClnj33oETQLQ.

Webinar to celebrate success of York’s Cross-Campus Capstone Classroom

woman computer webinar

An online event to celebrate the success of York University’s Cross-Campus Capstone Classroom (C4) will take place on July 20 from 10 to 11 a.m., and will include the C4 team, C4 students and members of York International.

The webinar will include a discussion and celebration of C4’s successful pilot test, as well as the launch of C 2020-21.

C4 is a unique space at York that brings together upper-year undergraduate and master’s students from across the University to work together in multi-disciplinary teams on pressing, real-world challenges, which are posed by organizations operating in both the for-profit and not-for-profit worlds.

Supported by a team of York professors from several Faculties, C4 students work together to mobilize and hone their critical, creative and strategic thinking skills by researching and designing effective solutions to their chosen challenge.

C4 was launched in 2019-20 by a team of dedicated professors from the School of the Arts, Media, Performance and Design, Lassonde School of Engineering, as well as the Faculties of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies, Health and Science. It is a high-impact experiential education course intended to teach students the value of multiple perspectives and approaches to research, design and problem solving. This interdisciplinary experience helps students to recognize what they can offer the world and thus uniquely prepare them for their future.

Based on the results of its first year, C4 was recognized and awarded the Airbus-Global Engineering Dean’s Council Diversity Award. The Diversity Award celebrates educational programs that increase the diversity of perspectives within engineering. Typically, this means bringing more diverse students into engineering programs. In C4’s case, it meant bringing diverse ways of thinking and doing research and design into engineering classrooms and projects.

To learn more and register for the webinar, visit yorkinternational.yorku.ca/event/york-capstone-network-webinar.

About 94 per cent of wild bee and native plant species networks lost, York study finds

Small carpenter bees
Small carpenter bees
Sandra Rehan

Climate change and an increase in disturbed bee habitats from expanding agriculture and development in northeastern North America over the last 30 years are likely responsible for a 94 per cent loss of plant-pollinator networks, researchers found.

The paper, “Wild bee declines linked to plant-pollinator network changes and plant species introductions,” was published in the journal Insect Conservation and Diversity.

Sandra Rehan, an associate professor in York University’s Faculty of Science, and grad student Minna Mathiasson of the University of New Hampshire, looked at plant-pollinator networks from 125 years ago through present day. The networks are comprised of wild bees and the native plants they historically rely on, although most of those have now been disrupted.

About 30 per cent of plant-pollinator networks were completely lost, which translates to a disappearance of either the bees, the plants or both. In another 64 per cent of the network loss, the wild bees, such as sweat or miner bees, or native plants, such as sumac and willow, are still present in the eco-system, but the bees no longer visit those plants; the association is gone.

The remaining six per cent of the plant-pollinator networks are stable or even thriving with pollinators such as small carpenter bees, which like broken stems for nest making.

“There are several reasons for the losses in the networks,” Rehan explained. “Climate change is likely the biggest driver. We know that over the last 100 years or so annual temperatures have changed by two and a half degrees. This is enough to alter the time when certain native plants bloom.

“For a bee that’s out for months on end or is a generalist pollinator, this isn’t such a critical mismatch, but for a bee that’s only out for two weeks of the year and only has a few floral hosts, this could be devastating.”

Andrena vacinia, a miner bee, is one of the declining native bee species
Andrena vacinia, a miner bee, is one of the declining native bee species

An increase in non-native species of bees and invasive species of plants, which have displaced some of the native species, is another reason for the decline in networks.

“We are getting a lot of invasive species and new records of invasive species every year. This is usually accidentally through trade and through ornamental plants,” said Rehan.

A lot of these bees live in stems, so it’s easy to import plants along with non-native bee species without knowing it. “We can actually show routes and means of invasion biology,” she continued.

These bees are following shipping routes from one continent to the other around the world, including to North America through ornamental plants for our gardens.

The researchers say an increase in habitat restoration and native flowering plants in agricultural landscapes are critical for improving wild bee biodiversity, but also food security for humans.

Bees and other pollinators generate hundreds of billions of dollars of economic activity globally by pollinating crops, and wild bees are at the top of the list believed to pollinate more than 87 per cent or 308,006 flowering plant species. Many of these are economically important commercial crops, such as apples and blueberries.

“There is an urgent need to gain a deeper understanding of the environmental circumstances affecting these wild pollinator populations and their specialized, evolutionary relationships with plant communities,” said Rehan. “Plant pollinator webs are dependent on changes in the landscape, so knowing how these networks are shaped is important for all regional habitats.”

Recent research by Rehan and her team looked at 119 wild bee species over 125 years and found 14 declining and eight increasing species. All of the wild bee species in decline are native and over half experienced significant range latitude and elevation shifts.