Getting a green building certification is only half the battle when it comes to making commercial buildings more sustainable and energy efficient, according to new research from the Schulich School of Business. 

In a newly published paper in the journal Energy Economics titled, “Beyond building certification: The impact of environmental interventions on commercial real estate operations,” researchers show that behaviour-focused “soft interventions” such as monitoring software and tenant engagement programs can be as effective as technical building engineering interventions such as green building certification when it comes to lowering energy consumption and making buildings more sustainable.

The paper was co-authored by Avis Devine, associate professor at the Schulich School of Business Brookfield Centre in Real Estate & Infrastructure; Jim Clayton, director and Timothy R. Price Chair at the Brookfield Centre in Real Estate & Infrastructure; and Rogier Holtermans, an assistant professor of Real Estate Finance at the University of Guelph.

The study was funded through a grant from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) under the U.S. Department of Energy and the Real Estate Research Institute (RERI), as well as by BentallGreenOak, a leading global real estate investment management advisor and provider of real estate services with more than $53 billion USD in assets under management.

The study analyzed 10 years of asset-level operating statement and electricity consumption data in Canadian and U.S. office buildings, measuring both the initial impact of such interventions as well as any adjustments observed over time. The study found that all types of intervention, including green certification, led to decreased electricity consumption. The researchers conclude that utility consumption and its associated costs are only minimized when multiple environmental interventions are implemented.

“In commercial real estate, we often measure environmental building sustainability in terms of green building certification or building energy labels,” says Devine. “However, as sustainability in the built world advances, so too do our tools. Today, sustainable buildings utilize a number of environmental interventions – both ‘hard,’ or technical, interventions such as building certifications and environmentally focused capital expenditures, and ‘soft’ behavioural interventions such as monitoring software and tenant engagement programs. Therefore, to understand the impact of environmental interventions on building operations, we have to move past certifications to include other intervention types as well.”

To achieve building certification, adds Devine, specific technology or resources are often installed in a building.

“Yet if the building users are never trained on these available tools, or if the technology is not calibrated for the building’s use, then the environmental benefits may not be maximized, leaving operational savings on the table.”

A copy of the study can be found here.

A growing number of businesses across a wide range of industries are successfully commercializing voyeurism – the practice of providing a glimpse into the private life of another person to give audiences a revealing and entertaining experience.

From MMA (mixed martial arts), which offers an up-close look at the intense violence of a no-holds-barred fight, to celebrity lifestyle news programs and reality TV shows like Survivor, Big Brother and Love Island, voyeurism delivers excitement, thrills and shocks to entertainment-hungry consumers.

A new paper forthcoming in the journal Academy of Management Review titled “Commercializing the practice of voyeurism: How organizations leverage authenticity and transgression to create value,” explores how companies use authenticity – a sneak peek into the real life of others – and transgression – viewing the forbidden – to generate a distinctive experience for audiences.

The paper is co-authored by Maxim Voronov, professor of Organization Studies at York University’s Schulich School of Business; Trish Ruebottom, an associate professor of Human Resources and Management at McMaster University’s DeGroote School of Business; Sean Buchanan, an assistant professor of Business Administration at the University of Manitoba’s Asper School of Business; and Madeline Toubiana, an assistant professor of Strategy, Entrepreneurship and Management at the University of Alberta. Ruebottom, Sean Buchanan and Toubiana are all Schulich PhD graduates.

“When it comes to leveraging voyeuristic practices, it’s often a very thin line between creating entertainment value and creating negative emotions such as anxiety and guilt that disengage audiences,” says Voronov. “For example, left unchecked, reality TV could easily move beyond being a guilty pleasure toward becoming something that makes audience members feel too guilty to watch. It’s not simply authenticity or transgression that create value, but rather the audience’s emotional responses to these two dimensions.”

According to Voronov, emotional optimization involves efforts to reduce undesirable emotional responses by dampening the authenticity or transgression in the voyeuristic practice while reinforcing the associated desirable emotional responses. This can be done by utilizing various mechanisms, including shielding audiences, depersonalizing performers, and creating the impression that performers are consenting or willing participants in the voyeuristic practice.

Voronov cites MMA fighting as an example of shielding audiences to create the desired emotional response. “The use of cages in MMA, as opposed to less constraining barriers used in boxing or the lack of barriers in traditional martial arts competitions, increases the sense that MMA fights are more violent and dangerous, while simultaneously shielding audiences,” says Voronov.

A copy of the study can be found here.