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Lassonde hosts three climate experts at a Climate & Severe Weather Symposium

The Lassonde School of Engineering and the Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (CMOS) presented a Climate & Severe Weather Symposium on Nov. 18 featuring climatologist and severe weather researcher Francis Zwiers, McMurtry Fellow Dianne Saxe (York), and Toronto author and poet Christopher Dewdney (Glendon).

Climate change has become a central topic in Canadian public discourse and politics. Extreme weather and climate events – including drought, flooding, extreme heat, intense storms and wildfire – are perceived as becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change, and consequently causing more damage.

Lassonde Dean Jane Goodyer made the introductory remarks for the event.

Peter Taylor

“As Canadians, we must clearly make our contribution to significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions,” said event organizer, York University Professor Peter Taylor. “At the same time, we must plan ahead for adaptation to the weather and climate changes that are now starting to appear and will almost certainly accelerate over the next few decades. Mitigation and adaptation are both essential and our research and expertise can contribute.”

In his presentation “Extreme Weather – Not an Alternative Fact,” Zwiers explored the changes in temperature and precipitation extremes and how human influence affects these changes. He illustrated his findings using specific examples including the 2016 Fort McMurray Fire, which forced upwards of 88,000 Albertans out of their homes.

Saxe’s discussion centered around the human impact on climate change. In her talk “Climate Changes Everything,” she considered Canada’s role as a top 10 emitting country, one that’s heating up faster than the global average. She also addressed the expected risks of climate change, which includes more severe weather, and what actions must be taken to address these risks.

To close the evening, guests were treated to a reading and discussion from prize-winning writer Dewdney on his book 18 Miles: The Epic Drama of Our Atmosphere and its Weather. This is his sixth work of non-fiction and explores how the atmosphere and weather have shaped the world and human history.

This symposium was made possible thanks to the Lassonde School of Engineering, the Earth & Space Science & Engineering Department, the Centre for Research in Earth and Space Sciences (CRESS), and the Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (CMOS).

About the speakers

Francis Zwiers directs the Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium (PCIC) at the University of Victoria. His former roles include chief of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis and director of the Climate Research Division, both at Environment and Climate Change Canada. He has served the IPCC in numerous roles, including as a coordinating lead author and bureau member. Zwiers is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, the American Geophysical Union and the American Meteorological Society, a recipient of the Patterson Medal and the CMOS President’s Prize.

Dianne Saxe is one of Canada’s most respected environmental lawyers and former environmental commissioner of Ontario. She was appointed unanimously by all MPPs to report to the Legislature on Ontario’s environmental, energy and climate performance, and to be the guardian of the Environmental Bill of Rights. She is now heading Saxe Facts, a business providing strategic advice and presentations on climate, energy and environment. Saxe was appointed a McMurtry Fellow for the 2019-20 academic year with the Faculty of Environmental Studies and the Osgoode Hall Law School.

Christopher Dewdney is a prize-winning Canadian poet and essayist. His poetry reflects his interest in natural history. His book Acquainted with the Night, an investigation into darkness was nominated for both the Charles Taylor Prize and the Governor General’s Award. His latest book, 18 miles, is “a kaleidoscopic and fact-filled journey that uncovers our obsession with the atmosphere and weather.” Dewdney teaches writing and poetry courses at Glendon Campus.

Will Canadian insurers be on the hook for climate polluters? A lecture Nov. 25 explores this question

Dianne Saxe

The appetite for suing the biggest climate polluters is growing and, as a result, so too is the risk to Canadian insurers. At a York University Faculty of Environmental Studies lecture on Nov. 25, respected environmental lawyer Dianne Saxe will discuss how the rising concern over climate is changing the game.

Diane Saxe
Diane Saxe

Saxe will discuss how the evolving climate crisis is creating new opportunities for judges to hold major climate polluters accountable and how that will affect Canadian insurers going forward. Despite Canada’s small population, the risk is large as this country is one of the top 10 most climate-polluting on the planet.

In February, Canada’s Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) warned Canadian insurers that climate liability must be “top of mind.” Not long after, a little-known Quebec Court of Appeal decision against Canada’s tobacco companies provided a powerful precedent for holding climate polluters liable.

This is at a time when climate leaders are calling for a wave of lawsuits against the biggest carbon emitters. Even unsuccessful cases could increase the legal and financial risk of continuing business as usual. Saxe explores what we can learn from the tobacco cases, and how Canadian companies can protect themselves.

The lecture, titled “Climate Liability in Canada,” takes place Nov. 25 at 6:30 p.m. at the Osgoode Professional Development Centre, 1 Dundas S. W., 26th Floor, Toronto.

Anti-poverty organizer appointed Packer Visitor in Social Justice at York University

Former Ontario Coalition Against Poverty organizer John Clarke has been appointed as the next Packer Visitor in Social Justice in York University’s Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies for a two-year term.

John Clarke

Clarke has a lifetime of achievement in organizing the unemployed. Born and raised in a working-class background in the United Kingdom, he moved to Canada in 1976 where he became involved in his union at Westinghouse.

Laid off in 1982, Clarke helped set up the London city-wide union of the unemployed and in 1990 helped found the Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP), for which he was elected organizer. Since then he has helped arrange several innovative campaigns to challenge poverty policies in Ontario and Canada more broadly, at both the legislative and administrative level. OCAP’s efforts were recognized by American Political Science Association’s New Politics section with their Cloward and Piven social justice award.

Clarke has written about his experiences in popular and academic journals, including The Bullet, Upping the Anti, Labour/Le Travail and the Osgoode Law Journal.

As the Packer Visitor in Social Justice, Clarke will participate in several workshops, lectures and events where he can bring his particular experience and insights into dialogue with the university community. He will also teach the fourth-year seminar, POLS 4410: Social Justice and Political Activism, in the Department of Politics.

York University established the K.H. and W.A. Packer Endowment in Social Justice in memory of Professor William A. Packer, who, with his wife Katherine, gave the University a generous endowment for the promotion of social justice in the 21st century and beyond. The Packer family is from Toronto. Katherine worked as a librarian at Glendon College and William taught German for many years at the University of Toronto. The endowment awards scholarships to graduate and undergraduate students, while York University pays the salary of the Packer Visitor in Social Justice.

Previous Packer Visitors in Social Justice include former Canadian Auto Workers’ Research Director Sam Gindin, former Canadian Labour Congress Chief Economist Andrew Jackson, and social justice lawyer Fay Faraday (now an assistant professor at York’s Osgoode Law School).

Tackling drug-resistant infections will take global effort, say York U health experts

Antibiotic resist image petrie FEATURED

Superbugs and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continue to raise the alarm globally and prevent the effective prevention and treatment of infections. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), drug-resistant infections could cause 10 million deaths each year by 2050 and are increasingly a threat to global public health.

One of the biggest factors accelerating antimicrobial resistance is the overuse and over-prescription of antibiotics. World Antibiotic Awareness Week is Nov. 18 to 24, and in a new commentary published in the journal The Lancet titled, “A roadmap for sustainably governing the global antimicrobial commons,” senior author Steven J. Hoffman, professor of global health, law, and political science at York University, writes about the need for a global strategy. “Antimicrobial resistance is the defining contemporary test for whether countries are able to sustainably govern a global common-pool resource as important as antibiotics,” said Hoffman.”The international community must act now to ensure sustainable access to effective antibiotics, both for the millions of people who rely on them each day and for the millions more who have yet to benefit from their life-saving potential.”

The Lancet commentary offers three calls for action:

  1. Convening a One Health high-level dialogue at the UN General Assembly on AMR to follow up on recommendations of the UN Interagency Coordination Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, endorse key governance principles, and mandate a new high-level leaders’ group for AMR.
  2. Creating a new policy forum on AMR to facilitate multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder discussions, coordinate collective actions, assess efforts, and provide accountability.
  3. Commissioning an independent scientific stock-take to inform policy decisions on AMR and support the efforts of WHO, FAO, OIE, UNEP, and other multilateral institutions.

Hoffman is an international lawyer and director of the Global Strategy Lab in York University’s Faculty of Health and Osgoode Hall Law School where he specializes in global health law, global governance and institutional design. His research focuses on developing strategies that better address transnational health threats and social inequalities.

From left: Susan Rogers Van Katwyk and Steven Hoffman

“Countries need to step up to protect the effectiveness of lifesaving antibiotics,” said the commentary’s first author, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk. “To do this, we need political leadership, collaboration, and an independent platform where researchers can take stock of the existing science and suggest best practices and policies for the future.”

Rogers Van Katwyk is an epidemiologist and research director for Global Antimicrobial Resistance at the Global Strategy Lab at York University. Her research analyzes and evaluates national and international policy to address transnational health threats. She has worked closely with the World Health Organization, the AMR Tripartite and governments around the world to develop strategies to protect the global antimicrobial commons.

Osgoode prof finds refugee determinations in Canada woefully subjective

Refugee mother and child in Idomeni

Access to justice is the cornerstone of the Canadian legal system. Five years ago, Osgoode Hall Law School Professor Sean Rehaag, director of the Centre for Refugee Studies at York University, led a groundbreaking study that examined access to justice for refugees in Canada. This research concluded that the handling of refugee cases was inconsistent and arbitrary; the outcome depended on which judge decided the case.

With funding from the Social Sciences & Humanities Research Council of Canada, Rehaag reinvestigated the same issue half a decade later, but found that little has changed. “The luck of the draw remains a stubbornly persistent feature of the judicial review process. This is unacceptable,” Rehaag says. “Refugee determinations involve life and death questions. Change is urgently needed.”

Refugees could be subjected to torture, cruel and unusual treatment or punishment, or death if they were returned to their country of nationality
Refugees could be subjected to torture, cruel and unusual treatment or punishment, or death if they were returned to their country of nationality

This increasingly relevant and timely work, the findings of which were accepted for publication in the Queen’s Law Journal (2019), could not be more policy applicable.

Refugees represent an acutely vulnerable population

A snapshot of immigration and refugees underscores the importance of this kind of research for Canada. First, immigration is growing:

  • Newcomers represent nearly 22 per cent of today’s population – this could topple the record number (22 per cent) recorded in the 1921 census, the highest level since Confederation (StatsCan, 2016 census).
  • According to StatCan’s projections, the proportion of Canada’s foreign-born population could reach up to 30 per cent by 2036.

Second, refugee numbers are growing. While refugees represented 10 per cent of all immigrants in 2014, this percentage grew to 24 in 2016 (StatsCan, 2016 census).

Reflecting this influx, the number of refugee claims in Canada has risen from more than 10,000 in 2013 to more than 47,000 in 2017, according to Rehaag.

Refugees represent a vulnerable population. They face persecution in their country of nationality based on race, religion, nationality, and/or membership in a particular social or political group. If they were returned to their country of nationality, they could be subjected to a danger of torture, to a risk to their lives, or to a risk of cruel and unusual treatment or punishment.

Refugee claims have risen from 10,000+ in 2013 to 47,000+ in 2017
Refugee claims have risen from 10,000-plus in 2013 to 47,000-plus in 2017

Study designed to check back with the system after earlier research

As mentioned, Rehaag’s research updates an earlier study of decision-making in the refugee law context in Canada’s Federal Court. The initial study, which looked at 23,000 applicants from 2005 to 2010, found that outcomes in Federal Court applications for judicial review of refugee determinations depended all too often on the luck of the draw – which judge decided the case. Rehaag found that individual judges granted leave at very different rates. (Applicants who want the Federal Court to review their refugee determination must first apply for “leave,” or permission from the court.)

A note about process: Federal Court judges do not grant (or refuse) refugee status. Instead, they hear applications for judicial review of decisions made by Immigration & Refugee Board (IRB) members. If they grant an application for judicial review of a negative refugee determination, it does not mean that they are granting refugee protection; it just means that they are overturning the initial decision and sending the case back down to the IRB to be redetermined. There, at this stage, the IRB could choose to grant or not grant refugee protection.

Since the initial study, the Federal Court adopted measures to address these variations. It was in this context that Rehaag wanted to check in again and see if the new measures were effective. This time, in September 2016, he collected data from over 33,000 court dockets from 2008 to 2016. He used a computer program’s written code to parse data from online court dockets, then he optimized the code, through trial and error, to improve the accuracy rate to 99 per cent.

Key findings indicate more work needs to be done

Sean Rehaag

The findings of this study show that the situation hasn’t changed much since the past research was undertaken. “From 2013 to 2016, if a claimant was lucky with leave judge assignment, then they were more than ten times more likely to succeed with their application than if they were unlucky with leave judge assignment,” Rehaag explains. “Most importantly, this isn’t a phenomenon restricted to a handful of outlier judges.”

Policy recommendations aimed at key actors in legal system

Rehaag has some compelling recommendations for reform.

  1. For Parliament: abolish or reform the leave requirement. He believes that refugee claimants should not need to go through a leave requirement, which has proven to be an arbitrary barrier.
  2. For the court: same judge for leave and merits. In most applications for judicial review where leave is granted, a different judge decides the case on the merits at the judicial review stage than the judge who decided to grant leave. Rehaag suggests that this judge be the same in both cases. “This would stop amplifying the luck of the draw to the disadvantage of refugee claimants,” he explains.
  3. For judges: alternative judicial processes. To avoid subjectivity, Rehaag suggests that the leave judge not consider whether they think a reasonably arguable case has been made, but rather consider whether any of their colleagues might be of the view that the applicant has presented a reasonably arguable case.

Rehaag presses for change. “The time for study is over. It’s now time for action,” he emphasizes.

To read the working draft of the article “Judicial Review of Refugee Determinations (II): Revisiting the Luck of the Draw,” which will be published in the Queen’s Law Journal (2019), visit the website. To read the original research, visit the website. To learn more about Rehaag, visit his Faculty profile.

To learn more about Research & Innovation at York, follow us at @YUResearch; watch our new animated video, which profiles current research strengths and areas of opportunity such as artificial intelligence and Indigenous futurities; and see the snapshot infographic for a glimpse of the year’s successes.

By Megan Mueller, senior manager, research communications, Office of the Vice-President Research & Innovation, York University, muellerm@yorku.ca

Osgoode Professor Emeritus John McCamus co-recipient of 2019 Justice Medal

Image announcing Awards

The Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice (CIAJ) has announced its Justice Medal Award will be jointly awarded to Osgoode Hall Law School Professor Emeritus John McCamus and Patrick J. LeSage, former chief justice of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice.

John McCamus

The 2019 Justice Medal marks the exceptional achievement of a person who has shown distinctive leadership in the administration of justice in Canada or, by his or her writings or other endeavours, has made a significant contribution to the administration of justice in Canada. The award was inaugurated by the CIAJ Board of Directors in 1984, and is awarded every second year.

McCamus, who retired from Osgoode in 2013, spent 40 years in legal education, the legal profession and public service.

He began his career as a professor at Osgoode in 1971, and served as dean from 1982 to 1987. His principal areas of research and teaching have included private law, especially restitution and contract, commercial law and information practices law. His published work includes texts on the law of contracts and the law of restitution.

McCamus was Chair of the Ontario Law Reform Commission from 1993 to 1996 and Chair of the Ontario Legal Aid Review, an independent task force established to examine the legal aid system in Ontario, from 1996 to 1997. The review’s three-volume report, “A Blueprint for Publicly Funded Legal Services,” was published in September 1997.

He also spent time as Chair of Legal Aid Ontario, Chair of the Canadian Civil Liberties Association and ombudsperson for York University. McCamus is an affiliated scholar with Davies Ward Phillips & Vineberg LLP.

Honorary degree recipient Steven Campbell speaks about the transformative power of kindness

Chancellor Greg Sorbara, Steven Campbell and President and Vice-Chancellor Rhonda Lenton

In a convocation address that reflected the enormous impact of his experience as an undergraduate student at York University in the 1970s, Steven Campbell, president of Lifford Wine & Spirits, paid tribute to Professor Emeritus Eric Winter, a past master of Calumet College. Now 95 years old, Winter was sitting in the front row as Campbell accepted an honorary doctor of laws degree during Fall Convocation ceremonies on Wednesday, Oct. 16.

Chancellor Greg Sorbara, Steven Campbell and President and Vice-Chancellor Rhonda Lenton

It was Winter’s kindness and understanding of Campbell that helped propel the entrepreneur to follow his dreams. Campbell, an environmentalist and industry leader, has received international recognition for his company’s portfolio as well as for his integrity, professionalism, philanthropy, and social and environmental responsibility. He has also coped with unique learning needs for all his life.

“As the master of Calumet College, Eric Winter fostered a community of caring individuals devoted to enhancing the lives of their students,” Campbell said. “In my particular situation, my thirst for knowledge and my path to graduation was hampered by what today would be simply called a learning disability – the ability to spell. In the days of manual typewriters with no spell check – if you can imagine – and three-inch-thick dictionaries, for me to write an essay was an impossibility.

“But Eric, bless him, looked at me as a person … not as a failed student. When it became obvious to me that I would have to leave York University without a degree, he was there to assist me,” said Campbell. “I wanted to start a restaurant and he said, ‘Yes!’ He enabled me to receive mentorship from business students so I could approach a bank with a business plan. When I successfully opened La Maison in July of 1978, it was because of Eric’s support.”

Winter’s kindness and positive influence led Campbell to a 40-year career path that saw him live his dream of becoming a restaurateur, entrepreneur and climate activist. Eventually, Campbell purchased the Lifford Wine Agency. Under his leadership, Lifford grew from a small, Ontario-based company to one of the largest independent national wine and spirits distributorships in Canada. Campbell and Lifford have championed environmental causes with sustained corporate citizenship and a zero-carbon footprint. Lifford Wine & Spirits was honoured in 2007 with Tree Canada’s Eterne Award for environmental stewardship and has received several Elsie Awards from the Liquor Control Board of Ontario for creativity, innovation and social responsibility. Partnering with Tree Canada since 2005, Lifford has planted more than 90,000 trees and raised over $3 million to support the environment, disaster relief efforts, children’s mental health, health research and the arts.

“Today, I own a national wine distribution company that has been carbon neutral since 2005,” he said, noting that he strives to pay the lessons forward that he learned at York University. “I am often approached by individuals seeking help and advice on their career paths. I always take the time to say yes when asked to meet with these individuals and listen to their stories. I give them my best advice and encourage them in their pursuit of their dreams.”

Recently, Campbell pursued another dream. He travelled the four corners of the world seeking out and helping artisanal wine families to bring their wines to Canada. “I now want to tell you about my latest big dream to distribute carbon-neutral wines from classic wine-growing regions of the world, made by artisanal wine families, of excellent quality and price, but most important to me was to import them in a carbon-neutral way,” he said. “I approached 10 wineries from seven countries, and they all said yes!”

On Oct. 26, Campbell launches his next big dream, with three Steven Campbell Kind wines, all of which are carbon neutral and created by iconic wine producers from New Zealand, South Africa and Spain.

Coupled with his honorary degree from York University, Campbell used his success as a teaching moment to graduands of the Schulich School of Business, Glendon College and Osgoode Hall Law School. “Say yes whenever you can,” he said. “You can achieve a lot if you do not care who takes the credit. Have and live your dreams, be persistent, grateful for your opportunities, have hope, ask for help and help others, and make the world a better place.”

Osgoode research shows investing in justice saves money

A new report published by the Canadian Forum on Civil Justice (CFCJ), a research organization based at York’s Osgoode Hall Law School, provides extensive evidence that spending money on justice services and programs results in financial returns that far outweigh the cost of the investments.

The “Investing in Justice” report examines research carried out across justice services and programs in several regions, including North America, sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, Australia and Asia. The report concludes that across a diversity of justice programs and services, spending on justice results in significant economic and other benefits that generally significantly exceed the value of the investment. In many cases, the rate of return on investment in justice services and programs is between C$9 and $16 for every C$1 that is spent.

Justice sector spending that was examined for the report relates primarily to civil legal aid, community-based justice programs, pro bono services and alternative dispute resolution. The report also include assessments related to spending on legal expense insurance, legal empowerment initiatives, youth justice, restorative justice and other programs.

Driving home the significance of justice sector investments, the report presents data revealing that cutting spending on justice almost always results in increased costs to the state, the courts and communities. These increased costs derive from a range of outcomes, including higher eviction rates, higher unemployment rates and increased homelessness – all of which place greater demands on government services and budgets. Cuts also impact formal justice services, in particular with reduced funding leading to more inefficient courts and higher court costs.

Trevor Farrow

“The evidence really is clear,” said CFCJ director and report co-author Lisa Moore. “Study after study shows that spending to facilitate access to justice through civil legal aid, community-based justice services, and a range of other pathways for legal problem resolution saves money for governments, the courts, communities, and individuals and also generates money within local economies. It’s a good financial investment.”

According to fellow co-author, Osgoode Professor Trevor Farrow, “Two-thirds of the world’s population lacks meaningful access to justice. Canada,” he said, “is not immune from this crisis – many members of our communities, particularly the most vulnerable, cannot access justice. Investing in justice is clearly the right thing to do. As this new report shows, it is also the smart thing to do.”

In recent years, research from the CFCJ has confirmed the high costs to government programs that result from Canadians not being able to respond adequately to their everyday legal problems. These costs to the state are estimated at $800 million or more annually. The research presented in the “Investing in Justice” report reinforces the significant costs borne by the state from individuals not being able to adequately address their justice problems. It also makes the case that spending on justice to remove barriers and facilitate dispute resolution is money well spent.

The “Investing in Justice” report was commissioned by the Task Force on Justice and is part of an international collection of background papers in support of UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16.3 – equal justice for all.

York U teaches high-school students how to ‘change their world’

Change Your World

Hundreds of high-school students will have the opportunity to learn how to “change their world” when they visit York University on Oct. 17 for the Faculty of Environmental Studies (FES) Change Your World conference.

Since 1968, FES has been at the forefront of cutting-edge environmental well-being and social justice research that focuses directly on our natural, built, social, political, cultural and artistic environments. However, with each passing year, new challenges arise on our planet, within our world and in our local communities, making the need to study our environment more important than ever.

The goal of the Change Your World conference is to inspire youth in Ontario to be the next generation of environmentally active citizens. High-school students and their teachers participate in this dynamic day-long conference that brings together youth and community organizations from across Ontario to discuss, collaborate, and learn how to make sustainable and equitable change in our world.

This year’s keynote speakers include:

  • Dianne Saxe, former environmental commissioner of Ontario and a 2019-20 York University McMurtry Fellow (FES/Osgoode);
  • Larissa Crawford, a York University alumna and 2019-20 Action Canada Fellow; and
  • Sam Demma, a youth speaker, named one of Contiki’s 35 under 35 Changemakers for 2019.

Approximately 875 students from 45 high schools will take part in a variety of workshops to learn more about the following topics: the basic science behind climate change, sex trafficking, how to become a citizen scientist, plastic pollution, the cost of fashion and more. All students will participate in the featured workshop, “The 3% Project at Change Your World,” which aims to mobilize 1,000,000 Canadian youth (3 per cent of Canada) to identify, analyze and develop solutions to their community’s biggest sustainability challenge.

The event runs from 9:20 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. in Vari Hall on York University’s Keele Campus.

Welcome to YFile’s New Faces Feature Issue 2019, part two

lecture classroom teaching teacher

Welcome to YFile’s New Faces Feature Issue 2019, part two. In this special issue, YFile introduces new faculty members joining the York University community and highlights those with new appointments.

The New Faces Feature Issue 2019 will run in two parts: part one on Friday, Sept. 13 and part two on Friday, Sept. 27.

In this issue, YFile welcomes new faculty members in the Lassonde School of Engineering; the Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies; the Schulich School of Business; and the Faculty of Science.

Lassonde School of Engineering introduces six faculty members this fall

Scholarship, teaching and research in LA&PS enhanced with addition of 37 faculty members

Schulich School of Business welcomes three new faculty members

Fifteen new faculty members bring expertise to Faculty of Science

The Sept. 13 issue included the School of the Arts, Media, Performance & Design; the Faculty of Education; Glendon Campus; and the Faculty of Health.

Note: There are no updates in the Faculty of Environmental Studies or Osgoode Hall Law School for the fall term. For a previous story on new faculty welcomed to Osgoode earlier this year, visit: yfile.news.yorku.ca/2019/05/31/professor-jeffery-hewitt-to-join-osgoode-faculty-on-july-1.

New Faces was conceived, developed and edited by Ashley Goodfellow Craig, YFile’s deputy editor, with support provided by Lindsay MacAdam, communications officer, and Jenny Pitt-Clark, YFile editor.